| 中央空调系统的组成与使用 |
| 添加时间：2017/12/23 17:47:05 浏览次数： |
| 1、压缩机 1. Compressor 压缩机是整个空调系统的核心，也是系统动力的源泉。整个空调的动力，全部由压缩机来提供，压缩机就相当于把一个实物由低势位搬到高势位地方去，在空调中它的目的就是把低温的气体通过压缩机压缩成高温的气体，最后气体在换热器中和其他的介质进行换热，所以说压缩机的好坏会直接影响到整个空调的效果。 The compressor is the core of the whole air conditioning system, and it is also the source of the power of the system. The power of the air conditioner, all provided by the compressor, the compressor is equivalent to a real low potential move to high potential place in the air conditioning, it is the purpose of the low temperature gas compressed into high temperature gas through the compressor, the last gas in the heat exchanger medium and other heat exchanger, so said compressor directly affects the effect of air conditioning. 2、换热器 2. Heat exchanger 根据在空调上的作用不同，可分为冷凝器和蒸发器。现在就冷凝器和蒸发器的分类和区别述说一下。 According to the different functions on the air conditioner, it can be divided into condensers and evaporators. The classification and distinction of condensers and evaporators are now described. （1）冷凝器：冷凝器的作用是将压缩机排出的高温高压的制冷剂过热蒸汽冷却成液体或气液混合物。制冷剂在冷凝器种放出的热量由冷却介质（水或空气）带走。冷凝器按其冷却介质和冷却的方式，可以分为水冷式、空气冷却式、水和空气混合冷却式三种类型。 (1) condenser: the function of the condenser is to cool the superheated steam from the high temperature and high pressure of the compressor into a liquid or gas-liquid mixture. The heat released by the refrigerant in the condenser is taken away by the cooling medium (water or air). According to the cooling medium and cooling way, the condenser can be divided into three types: water cooling, air cooling, water and air mixed cooling. （2）蒸发器：蒸发器的作用是利用液态低温制冷剂在低压下易蒸发，转变为蒸气并吸收被冷却介质的热量，达到制冷目的。蒸发器的种类：蒸发器按冷却介质的不同，分为冷却液体载冷剂、冷却空气或其他气体的两大类型。 (2) evaporator: the function of evaporator is to use liquid cryogenic refrigerant to evaporate at low pressure and convert it into vapor and absorb the heat of cooling medium to achieve the purpose of refrigeration. Evaporator type: evaporator by cooling medium, two types of cooling liquid refrigerant, cooling air or other gases. 3、节流部件 3. The throttle parts 节流部件是制冷系统不可缺少的四大部件之一。它的作用是使冷凝器出来的高压液体节流降压，使液态制冷剂在低压（低温）下汽化吸热。所以，它是维持冷凝器中为高压、蒸发器为低压的重要部件。 The throttle component is one of the four indispensable parts of the refrigeration system. Its function is to make the high pressure liquid out of the condenser throttle and depressurize, so that the liquid refrigerant is vaporized at low temperature (low temperature). Therefore, it is an important component to maintain the high pressure in the condenser and the evaporator as the low pressure. 节流部件按形式，可分为毛细管和节流阀。前者，用在较小的制冷设备中，如电冰箱中装在冷凝器和蒸发器之间的毛细管即是节流机构的一种。后者用在较大的制冷设备中。在大、中型装置中应用的节流机构为节流阀，常用的节流阀有三种，即手动膨胀阀、浮球调节阀和热力膨胀阀，后两种为自动调节的节流阀。膨胀阀按膨胀的类型可分为电磁膨胀阀和热力膨胀阀等。 The throttle parts can be divided into capillaries and throttle valves in form. The former, refrigeration equipment used in small, such as a refrigerator arranged between the condenser and the evaporator in the capillary is a throttling mechanism. The latter is used in larger refrigerating equipment. The throttling mechanism used in large and medium-sized installations is throttling valve. There are three kinds of throttling valve commonly used, namely manual expansion valve, float ball regulating valve and thermal expansion valve, and the latter two are throttling valves which are automatically regulated. The expansion valve can be divided into electromagnetic expansion valve and thermal expansion valve according to the type of expansion. 4、气液分离器（蒸发器与压缩机之间） 4, gas-liquid separator (between evaporator and compressor) 在蒸发器中，由于液体在蒸发器中蒸发，由液体变为气体的过程，由于考虑负荷的变化，可能会有一部分的制冷剂未全部蒸发，而会直接进入到压缩机。由于液体的不可压缩性，所以在未进入压缩机之前，首先要通过气液分离器，以确保进入压缩机全部为汽体，保证压缩机能正常的运转。气液分离器安装与压缩机的进口端，主要是防止返回压缩机的低压低温蒸汽携带过多的液滴，防止液体制冷剂进入压缩机气缸，分离器同时具有过滤、回油、贮液等功能。 In evaporator, due to the evaporation of liquid in evaporator and the process of changing liquid into gas, a part of refrigerants may not evaporate completely, and will enter the compressor directly. Because of the incompressibility of liquid, before entering the compressor, the first thing is to pass the gas liquid separator to ensure that all the compressor enters the steam body, so that the compressor can run normally. The installation of gas and liquid separator and the inlet end of the compressor is mainly to prevent the low pressure and low temperature steam coming back to the compressor from carrying too many droplets, preventing liquid refrigerants from entering the compressor cylinder, and the separator has the functions of filtration, oil return and liquid storage. 气液分离器使用时应注意：①、尽可能靠近压缩机；②、在换向系统中，气液分离器应该安装在换向阀和压缩机之间；③、正确的安装进口（从蒸发器来）出口（去压缩机吸气口）；④、必须向上安装；⑤、合适大小的气液分离器的接口不一定和压缩机的吸气口一致。 Should pay attention to when using the gas-liquid separator, as close as possible to the compressor; in the commutation system, the gas-liquid separator should be installed in between the valve and the compressor; the installation of imported, the right (from the evaporator to exit () to the compressor suction); 4, to install the appropriate size, gas-liquid separator; the interface is not necessarily consistent and the air inlet of the compressor. 5、风机 5. The fan 风机是交流单、三相感应电动机与叶轮组合而成。风机分为轴流风机和离心风机。风机包括定速和变速两大系列。风扇分为金属风叶、塑料风叶和金属浇注风叶等，叶型有多种。 The fan is a combination of AC single, three phase induction motor and impeller. The fan is divided into an axial fan and a centrifugal fan. The fan consists of two series of speed and speed changes. The fan is divided into the metal leaf, the plastic wind leaf and the metal casting leaf, and the leaf type has many kinds. 6、储液器 6. Liquid storage device 制冷系统中的高压储液器（也称储液筒）是装在冷凝器和膨胀阀之间。它的功能可归纳为以几个方面A、储存冷凝器的凝液避免凝液在冷凝器中积存过多而使传热面积变小，影响冷凝器的传热效果。B、适应蒸发器的负荷变动对供应量的需求在蒸发负荷增大时，供应量也增大，由储液器的存液补给；负荷变小时，需要液量也变小，多余的液体储存在储液罐里。C、作为系统中高低压侧之间的液封因为出液管是插在液面下，故可防止高压侧的蒸汽和不凝性的气体进入低压侧。同时，储液器也起到过滤和消音的作用。储液器的形式有多种，有单向和双向之分；有一出口和两出口之分；有立式和卧式之分。 The high pressure liquid storage device (also known as the storage cylinder) in the refrigeration system is installed between the condenser and the expansion valve. Its functions can be summarized as several aspects: A, condensate of storage condenser, avoid condensing liquid accumulation in condenser, reduce heat transfer area and affect heat transfer effect of condenser. B, the demand for supply to adapt to the change of evaporator load, when the evaporation load increases, the supply will also increase, and the liquid storage will be supplied by the liquid storage tank. If the load changes, the liquid volume will also decrease, and the excess liquid will be stored in the liquid storage tank. C is used as the liquid seal between the high and low pressure side of the system. Because the liquid outlet pipe is inserted under the liquid surface, it can prevent steam and non condensable gas from entering the low-pressure side. At the same time, the liquid storage device also plays the role of filtering and silencing. There are various forms of liquid storage devices, including one way and two ways; there are one and two export points; there are vertical and horizontal points. 7、油气分离器 7, oil and gas separator 油气分离器安装在压缩机和冷凝器之间。它的工作原理为：压缩机的排气是氟里昂和润滑油的混合气体，通过油分离器的较大的腔体减速，雾状的油就会聚集在冲击的表面上，当聚集成较大的油滴后，流向油分离器的底部，并通过回油装置返回压缩机。 The oil and gas separator is installed between the compressor and the condenser. Its working principle: compressor exhaust gas is a mixture of freon and lubricating oil, gear oil separator through the larger cavity, the oil mist will gather in the impact on the surface, when assembled in large drops of oil, oil flow to the bottom of the separator, and the oil return device to return the compressor. 8.干燥过滤器 8. dry filter 过滤器的作用是：为了防止制冷剂里含有水份或由于不可减少的元素等原因使系统里进入水份。当从冷凝器出来的高温液体进入膨胀阀后，液体的温度会大幅度的下降，一般都在零度以下，这时如果系统里含有水分的话，由于膨胀阀通过的截面很小，就会易出现冰堵的现象，影响系统的正常的运行。目前市场上有三种类型的干燥过滤器：A、松散添充型干燥过滤器——珠状干燥剂填充 The function of the filter is to prevent the system from entering water in order to prevent the refrigerant containing water or the ineffective elements. When the high temperature liquid from the condenser to the expansion valve, the temperature of the liquid will be greatly reduced, generally below zero, then if the system contains moisture, due to the expansion valve through the cross section is very small, will be prone to ice blockage phenomenon, affect the normal operation of the system. At present, there are three types of dry filters in the market: A, loose filling type dry filter - bead drier filling |
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